Thus results in habitat damage, species extinction, and a declining biodiversity. Natural disaster occurrence has five-fold changed since the 1970s. Deforestation, the loss of natural buffers protecting coastlines, and the inadequate state of infrastructure have raised the possibility that extreme weather occurrences may become full-fledged disasters for impacted populations and the economy. Further raising the resource-, energy-, and emission-intensity of the worldwide food system are changes in consumption trends and lengthening of food chains. These trends compromise the world's capacity to satisfy its food demand and jeopardize the sustainability of food systems. Though the whole effects of climate change on agriculture, forestry, and fisheries are impossible to forecast, it is believed that the affects will be of varying degrees and of a distinct kind in every location, ecological zone and production system. Productivity can be greatly impacted by even minor variations in the temperature, for instance by minor changes in seasonal precipitation patterns or yearly rainfall. Can we feed an 11 billion-person planet sustainably Looking ahead, the fundamentalchallenge is whether today's agricultural and food systems can satisfy the demands of a worldwide population expected to reach more than 9 billion by mid-century and maybe peak at more than 11 billion by the end of the century. Can we get the necessary productivity increases while the negative effects of climate change are more pronounced and the demands on already limited land and water resources grow This paper aims to raise knowledge of the nature of the problems that food systems, rural development, and agriculture are currently confronting as well as those they will be confronting throughout the twenty-first century. It does not give a menu of answers. Further understanding of what is at risk and what has to be done comes from the study of worldwide trends and issues that is offered here.
The general agreement is that present systems could probably generate
Enough food, but to do so in an equitable and sustainable way will call for significant changes.
This begs further questions. In ways that guarantee sustainable use of the natural resource base while controlling greenhouse gas emissions and therefore minimizing the effects of climate change, can agriculture meet hitherto unheard-of demand for food? Can the globe guarantee everyone has access to enough food, particularly in low-income areas where population increase is most quick? Particularly for young people and women, can agricultural sectors and rural economies be changed in ways that offer more and better job and income-earning possibilities help to slow down mass migration to cities with limited labour-absorptive capacity Can public policies solve the so-called "triple burden of malnutrition" by encouraging food systems that provide reasonably priced access to food for all, so eradicating micronutrient shortages and correcting overconsumption of food? Is it possible to solve the enormous issue of food waste and loss, approximated to be one-third of the whole food generated for human consumption Against the growing monopoly power of big, worldwide vertically integrated agro-industrial companies, can national and international regulatory systems shield consumers and producers Is it possible to contain and stop the effects of natural catastrophes and conflicts, both main disturbs of food security and the drivers of great human migration The section that follows evaluates 15 trends that will influence food and livelihoods of people reliant on agricultural systems going forward. Most of the trends are highly interrelated and taken together guide a set of 10 Challenges to achieve food security and nutrition for all and make agricultural sustainability possible. These difficulties show themselves in the last part of this report.
This begs more issues in still another field policy coherence
Can we overcome "wickedness" in policy-making, whereby the absence of a coherent set of well-definof a problem (e.g., incentives to boost productivity) runs the danger of aggravating others (e.g., depletion of natural resources)? Can we involve all stakeholders—including the business sector, farmer and consumer organizations, and other civil society players—in improved decision-making realizing that more inclusive governance is necessary to enhance communication about the hard policy decisions that have to be taken The world community understands the difficulties and the need of radical transformation. The global society is aware of these difficulties. Particularly the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable progress, which the world community accepted in September 2015, offers a convincing, although difficult, picture of how several goals might be merged to define fresh paths of progress. Explicitly aiming at eradicating hunger, attaining food security and improving nutrition, and supporting sustainable agriculture, concurrently by 2030, the second Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 2) The 2030 Agenda recognizes that the degree to which food poverty and malnutrition are sufficiently lowered and sustainable agriculture is encouraged will determine how far towards many other SDGs, particularly the eradication of poverty and the response to climate change (SDG 13) and the sustainable use of marine and terrestrial ecosystems, is progressed. On the other hand, advancement towards SDG 2 will rely on advancement towards many of the other objectives. Stated differently, policy-makers and all other stakeholders will have to take interlinkages and crucial interactions into account both in terms of synergies and trade-offs between SDG 2 and all other goals if we are to advance on SDG 2. One obvious lesson is that "business-as-usual" is not an option. If we are to meet the several problems before us and fulfill the full potential of food and agriculture to ensure a safe and healthy future for all people and the entire planet, major changes in agricultural systems, rural economy and natural resource management will be needed. While unavoidable trade-offs ar
Both the Addis Ababa Action Agenda on funding for development
Particularly and the Agenda for Sustainable Development urge on all nations to achieve policy coherence and create enabling environments for sustainable development at all levels and by all actors Reflecting worldwide commitments for coordinated action to address the hazards of climate change, the Paris Agreement on climate change and the measures towards its implementation adopted at the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2016 in Marrakesh show Furthermore given importance by the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction are the agricultural sectors. The Annex to this paper summarizes these and other frameworks along with their applicability to FAO's operations and directives.Even with these encouraging global platforms for action, policy coherence will be difficult. Other related global agreements such the 2030 Agenda highlight the interconnection of the issues they are aiming at solving. They also understand the importance of combining several activities to reach related goals and that doing so will create new technical challenges for policy-makers at all levels as well as new demands on institutional arrangements and coordination at many levels of governance. Two different connected difficulties exist. First, between various actions taken by officials and stakeholders at levels ranging from local, municipal, and provincial to national, and from national to regional and international, different instruments implemented at different levels of govbetween different sectoral policies has proved quite difficult in the past. found and contained, Ernestance will have to be integrated in ways that are mutually reinforcing. Second, using synergies among SDGs and targets helps to ed goals and processes so responding to one element.
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